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Economy
Waterfront Renaissance, Everett, WA 2001
Partners:
The Herald
KSER-FM Public Radio
The paper's "Waterfront Renaissance" project marked a new development in interactive journalism, marrying the credibility of the news organization with Web-based game technology that had previously been used mainly on advertising and entertainment sites.
When the Herald set out not simply to inform but also to engage residents in the city's effort to develop a comprehensive shoreline plan, it used many familiar civic journalism tools. A four-part series of stories, which began April 22, 2001, explained the options for the waterfront and included success stories from other cities, as well as a clip-and-send form to get citizen input into what should happen on Everett's waterfront. The paper also sought citizen input through 10 neighborhood meetings and a larger town meeting where a national waterfront-development expert spoke.
New technology allowed the paper to include a novel option on its Web site. Users could click on a map of the waterfront and, using a menu of icons on the screen, design their own waterfront development plan. They could play with the Sim City-like choices until they were satisfied with their designs and then electronically submit them. Some 420 people submitted their designs this way. Another 600 mailed in paper versions. In addition, 300 residents signed a petition demanding no development and delivered it to the Herald on the final day it was accepting the filled-in maps. The paper reported the results - the most popular option people chose for the sites was parks - and helped set up four independent watchdog groups to ensure public input would be considered in the final development. By the following year, one citizen favorite, bike paths, was starting to happen.
Contact:
Stan Strick
Executive Editor
The Herald
1213 California Street
Everett, WA 98201
Phone: (425) 339-3480
Email: strick@heraldnet.com
Mark Briggs
New Media Editor/Manager
The Herald
1213 California Street
Everett, WA 98201
Phone: (425) 339-3000
Email: briggs@heraldnet.com
West Virginia After Coal, Huntington, WV 2000
Partners:
The (Huntington) Herald-Dispatch
West Virginia Public Broadcasting
The partners made economic revitalization the dominant issue in West Virginia legislative and political debate with "West Virginia After Coal," a far-reaching exploration of the state's prospects if it continues to rely solely on coal for its economic well-being.
The project provided a number of features to educate citizens and generate discussion including a newspaper series, a live town hall meeting and a dedicated website.
The Herald-Dispatch kicked off a six-part series, Sept. 17, 2000, with a ground-breaking investigation of how local governments were using coal severance taxes. The paper found virtually none of the money being used for economic development. Instead, it was being used to underwrite normal budgetary items such as postage and animal shelters.
The series also included results of a Pew-funded poll of 400 West Virginia residents, showing a large majority thought the state should reduce its reliance on coal.
The paper made the series available to any paper in the state and all or part of it ran in six of the state's papers.
Public television and radio simulcast a live three-hour town hall meeting with more than 200 citizens participating at 10 different sites around the state. The partners' Web site allowed users to chat live during the meeting. The site also features a searchable database of severance tax spending and it allows users to take the poll and see where they stand in relation to other West Virginia residents.
The project won the James Batten Award in 2001.
Contact:
Len LaCara
Former Managing Editor
Herald-Dispatch
Huntington, WV
Phone: (304) 526-2779
Email: llacara@aol.com
Beth Gorczyca
Reporter
Herald-Dispatch
946 5th Ave.
Huntington, WV 25701
Phone: (304) 526-2772
Email: bethg@herald-dispatch.com
Home for Good, Huntington, WV 2001
Partners:
The Herald-Dispatch
West Virginia Public Broadcasting
WMUL-FM
The out-migration of young people from West Virginia was as accepted as the export of its coal until the partners explored the consequences in "Home for Good," a project that included a six-part newspaper series, radio reports, a televised public forum and an interactive Web site.
One of the initial challenges, finding those who had left, was nearly solved with a virtual focus group online. The Herald-Dispatch persuaded papers statewide to run an ad around Christmas Day 2001 - when former residents would most likely be visiting - asking them to contact the paper and fill out a brief questionnaire. Four-hundred people responded, creating an instant database of the diaspora. The paper emailed each one a link to a longer survey, asking why they left and what it would take to get them back; 147 people answered.
A scientific survey of 404 West Virginians added more information about how young people view the state. The paper met with two advisory panels - one made up of state and university officials, the other composed of young adults ages 18-34 - to help shape the series. Newspaper and radio reports began April 28, 2002 and ran daily until May 3, 2002. They included stories about why young people leave, where they go, why some return, how West Virginia culture and stereotypes affect their decision and measures the state could take to stem the migration. The Herald-Dispatch offered the series to papers statewide; all or part of it ran in 11 other newspapers.
West Virginia Public Broadcasting televised a live forum featuring young West Virginians and a special Web site, www.homeforgood.org, featured forums, live chats and interactive graphics that charted migration patterns.
State officials responded to the series, drafting legislation to encourage young people to stay, such as tax credits to help offset student loans. The project also gave new energy to a five-year plan the state devised to diversify the state's economy, after the series showed many of the measures in the plan had stalled.
Contact:
Len LaCara
Former Managing Editor
Herald-Dispatch
Huntington, WV
Phone: (304) 526-2779
Email: llacara@aol.com
Beth Gorczyca
Reporter
Herald-Dispatch
946 5th Ave.
Huntington, WV 25701
Phone: (304) 526-2772
Email: bethg@herald-dispatch.com
Water. The Power. The Profit. Savannah, GA 2002
Partners:
The Savannah Morning News, Savannahnow.com
Georgia Public Radio
With the Georgia legislature expected to set statewide water policy in its 2003 session, the partners launched "Water: The Power. The Profit," a year-long series on the Savannah River, to encourage citizen participation in the debate.
A poll of 724 people in the seven counties around the river conducted in April and May of 2002 showed few of the residents had begun to focus on water resources and had little knowledge of the issues surrounding water availability and its impact on development and the regional economy. The Morning News launched its four-part series on Saturday, June 8, 2002, laying out the issues and inviting participation in a July 16 town hall forum. More than 60 people attended and agreed that the region needs to monitor better how much water its uses and that water management should be regional, rather than done at the state or local level. There was also an across the spectrum fear of Atlanta's appetite for water and its possible reach into the Savannah River. The paper continued periodic packages on water issues, leading up to an October forum in which 35 people discussed regional water management issues.
Online, Savannahnow.com offered a "water use calculator" that allowed users to figure out how much water they use and to compare their use with that of users in Chatham or Effingham Counties. The Web site also solicited feedback on the series and provided links to other resources and a sign-up form for the public forums.
With its goal of amplifying citizen voices in the 2003 legislative debate, the project was set to wrap up in the spring of 2003 with a final poll to study the impact of the series itself on how much respondents knew about water resource issues.
Contact:
Dan Suwyn
Managing Editor
Savannah Morning News
PO Box 1088
Savannah, GA 31402-1088
Phone: (912) 652-0322
Email: dsuwyn@savannahnow.com
Rural Idaho: Challenged to Change, Idaho 2001
Partners:
The Idaho Statesman
Idaho Spokesman-Review
Lewiston Morning Tribune
(Idaho Falls) Post Register
KTVB-TV (NBC in Boise)
Idaho Public Television
The news organizations gave a statewide scope to the problems of rural Idaho with their collaboration on "Rural Idaho: Challenged to Change," a five-part series that ran simultaneously in all four papers, and as a three-part series on KTVB in October of 2001. The series' revelations led to a November conference, attended by several hundred citizens, co-sponsored by the Statesman and two non-profit public policy organizations that, in turn, generated a white paper to the state legislature on measures needed to shore up rural Idaho.
The partners conducted a statewide poll of 813 residents and held five roundtable meetings across the state to get the views of Idaho citizens on the challenges facing rural areas. The Statesman also solicited reader ideas through an online poll. Several hundred people completed the poll. The Statesman estimates it received input from 1,400 Idahoans over the course of the project. The paper sold 3,000 extra copies the week the series ran and its Rural Idaho Web page received 80,000 hits in the first three months.
The partners also created and analyzed several databases for the series. One, on education, revealed the low achievement of rural schools. Only 8 percent of the school districts in rural counties met the national average on standardized tests. That was news even to state education officials.
The tenuous state of rural Idaho was brought home through the stories of five families, each from different areas of the state and representing different segments of the rural economy. The package drew praise from the Northwest Area Foundation, which is dedicated to helping rural areas. Its president Karl Stauber said, "The way you've pulled together this media package is the best example of engaging the entire citizenry of the state in becoming more knowledgeable and more involved in finding solutions for Idaho."
Contact:
Carolyn K. Washburn
Executive Editor
The Idaho Statesman
P.O. Box 40
Boise, ID 83707
Phone: (208) 377-6403
Email: cwashbur@boise.gannett.com
Steve Silberman (former Statesman Managing Editor)
Executive Editor
The Desert Sun
750M. Gene Autry Trail
Palm Springs, CA 92262
Phone: (760) 778-4616
Email: silberman@thedesertsun.com
Stray Voltage, LaCrosse, WI 2001
Partners:
La Crosse Tribune
This project examined the hazards of stray voltage - electrical current that leaks from power lines - for farms and livestock through a series of newspaper stories and a dedicated Web site that drew comments and questions from around the world.
The stories, looking at causes, effects and possible solutions of stray voltage, were denounced by utility companies, who tried to pressure the Tribune by going directly to the editorial board to complain and even questioning the Pew Center about its support of the project. But the project was embraced by farmers and some public officials. The Michigan Attorney General included several of the stories as evidence in legal action against the state's second largest utility. The Wisconsin Rural Energy Management Council invited reporter Chris Hardie to display his story and answer questions on the subject as part of its research for the state legislature.
The project won five Wisconsin journalism awards and the Web site www.strayvoltage.org generated daily traffic for years.
Contact:
Chris Hardie
Local News Editor
La Crosse Tribune
401 North 3rd St.
La Crosse, WI 54601
Phone: (608) 791-8218
Email: chardie@lacrossetribune.com
Growth on the Strand, Myrtle Beach, SC 2001
Partners:
The Sun News
Myrtlebeachonline.com
Coastal Carolina University
With Myrtle Beach becoming the fastest-growing relocation destination in the nation, the paper gave residents a chance to try their hand at managing growth in the region with an interactive Web-based game, similar to the model pioneered by The Herald in Everett.
"Chart the Strand's Future," a feature introduced on the paper's Web site in April 2002, allowed users to drop icons onto a map in order to design a growth plan, as in the popular game "Sim City." The paper did not, however, collect and analyze the designs, as the The Herald in Everett, WA, did. Rather, the game was an end in itself, designed to give users a taste of the trade-offs and challenges city planners face when managing growth. The game included a meter by which users could see how each choice for development affected both the community's financial health and quality of life. The paper received informal, positive feedback but could not keep track of how many people participated.
The game was one feature of the project "Growth on the Strand," launched March 11, 2001, with a package of stories on key concerns in the growth debate. Additional stories ran through the rest of the year on issues including solid waste disposal, recycling, traffic congestion, housing trends and the environmental impact of sprawl. In April 2002, the paper co-sponsored a growth summit at Coastal Carolina that attracted 150 people, who played the Growth Game, which was launched at the conference. Participants broke into groups to discuss transportation, the environment, leadership, jobs, housing and education. Some volunteered to work on a particular area and organized follow-up meetings. Coastal Carolina took the names of volunteers for an ad hoc growth committee to address the issues raised at the summit.
Contact:
Patricia H. (Trish) O'Connor
Editor
The Sun News
914 Frontage Road East
Myrtle Beach, SC 29578
Phone: (843) 626-0316
Email: toconnor@thesunnews.com
Your Neighborhood, Your Future, Portland, OR 2001
Partners:
KGW-TV (NBC), KGW.com
Portland Tribune
Beaverton Valley Times
Tigard Times
Gresham Outloo
Clackamas Review
As elected planning officials in the Portland area began seeking public input on a long-term growth plan, the media partners launched a project to inform citizens and engage their interest in the process. "Your Neighborhood, Your Future" included dozens of TV and print stories about crucial growth issues. A poll and a town meeting provided a barometer of public opinion on the issues.
The project started Oct. 1, 2001, with a KGW story about growing pains in the region. Print partners followed with similar stories. Meanwhile, the partners commissioned a poll of 400 Portland area residents on growth, traffic, schools and the economy. The poll surfaced some surprising contradictions. Respondents worried about the economy and favored incentives to attract new business even as they expressed concerns about too many newcomers. They supported the urban growth boundary but opposed higher density development in cities. They wanted to ease traffic congestion but didn't want to pay for transportation projects.
Stories continued to run from October to March, explaining the impact of growth and the trade-offs involved in related issues. KGW's Web site offered an interactive feature that allowed users to type in their address and see how regional growth plans for 2040 would affect their neighborhood. The site also offered a slide show on growth plans for the next four decades.
The project culminated in a one-hour Town Hall Discussion on growth issues, March 15, 2002, broadcast live on KGW. A panel of local elected officials, neighborhood leaders, businessmen and citizens took questions from a studio audience of about 100 people. The meeting coincided with the wrap-up conference of the elected planning officials on Metro. When, later that year, Metro proposed expanding the urban growth boundary by 15,000 acres - the largest expansion in more than 20 years - KGW news director Rod Gramer said he believed the project had played an important part in furthering public discussion of the issue.
Contact:
Rod Gramer
Executive News Director
KGW-TV
1501 SW Jefferson St.
Portland, OR 97201-2549
Phone: (503) 226-5079
Target Transportation, Springfield, VA 1999
Partners:
Newschannel 8The 24-hour, all-news station conducted a phone survey of 1,000 Washington, DC, area residents and found that traffic congestion is the most-often cited problem that impacts daily life. The survey also showed residents preferred developing more mass transit to building new roads as a way to deal with congestion but were generally pro-growth and optimistic about finding solutions.
The Pew-funded poll was mailed to 600 government and community leaders and became the focus for coverage of the issue throughout the year. Special programming included, in February 1999, a 2 1/2-hour live prime-time broadcast bringing together almost 100 citizens in three Washington area jurisdictions (Northern Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia) with elected officials and transit leaders including three congressmen, two state Secretaries of Transportation, two County Executives and executives of the Metro system.
Contact:
Wayne Lynch
Former VP News and Programming
NewsChannel 8
7600-D Boston Blvd.
Springfield, VA 22153
Phone: (703) 912-5339
Email: w76er@aol.com
Shock Value, Concord, NH 2000
Partners:
New Hampshire Public Radio
NHPR used the interactive Web technology it pioneered with its Tax Calculator to give the state's citizens an idea of how electricity deregulation would affect their utility bills. The special "Shock Value" Web site, linking off the NHPR home page, served as both a primer on deregulation and a tool for figuring out how to save money after the state legislature deregulated electricity in May 2000. Users were invited to leave their email addresses so NHPR could notify them of new developments affecting their utility bills. The site also featured a bulletin-board discussion area where ratepayers could post messages that were automatically forwarded to an email box set up for state legislators on the deregulation committee.
More than 3,000 visitors came to the site, some driven by promos broadcast on NHPR stations, thus proving that radio can create a feedback loop with the Web. The experience helped institutionalize radio-Web integration at NHPR, and NHPR believes it helped forge a new relationship with listeners/users as a reliable source for palatable information on complex topics.
Contact:
Jon Greenberg
Senior News Editor
New Hampshire Public Radio
207 North Main Street
Concord, NH 03301-5003
Phone: (603) 223-2435
Email: jgreenberg@nhpr.org
Changing Tides, Aberdeen, WA 1998
Partners:
The Daily World Channel 20
TCI Cablevision In year two of their "Changing Tides" project, the partners attempted to bring together citizens and community leaders to craft solutions to the political, economic and environmental challenges the region faced.
A March 1998 mail survey of 130 traditional community leaders - elected officials, educators, union leaders and others - turned up marked differences from an earlier poll of 400 area residents. The survey found traditional leaders more pessimistic than the general public about their ability to solve the region's problems. They also preferred private-sector solutions while the general public thought government should be more responsible. Four out of five community leaders thought local government represented the people well; less than half the public agreed. While both groups agreed the economy was the top priority, there was no consensus on how to improve it.
A May forum brought the two groups together and surfaced support for dramatic solutions to community problems. Citizens, for instance, said they would be willing to pay more taxes to support a downtown renewal project.
While the project was community-focused, it had a big impact on The Daily World newsroom. As one editor put it, "The key lesson is that we, as reporters, should begin to think of citizens as players... and to make that citizen voice part of our coverage." The paper built staff training into the project, including a series of brown-bag sessions on civic journalism and a staff retreat to discuss citizens' voices and lessons learned from the project.
Contact:
Matt Hufman (formerly at The Daily World)
Metro Editor
Las Vegas Sun
PO Box 98970
Las Vegas, NV 89193-8970
Phone: (702) 385-3111
Email: matt@lasvegassun.com
Changing Tides, Aberdeen, WA 1997
Partners:
The Daily World of Aberdeen
Channel 20
TCI Cablevision Political, economic and environmental forces were changing life on the Southern Olympic Peninsula and its paper decided to help citizens join together to meet the resulting challenges. Partnering with cable channel 20 - the only station in the county - the Daily World launched "Changing Tides" in April 1997, a two-year effort to chart a new course for the region.
The series debuted in the paper's annual "Perspectives" edition, with nearly 100 pages in six inside sections on the region's logging and fishing history and how that history related to present day issues, when environmental laws had reduced opportunities in those areas. Then the paper engaged citizens in discussing the changes and their impact through a series of three focus groups with 30 people chosen randomly from three separate areas of the region.
The paper covered the focus-group discussions in front-page stories in August 1997 and also invited readers to add their input to the citizens' comments. The paper printed responses in a Sunday feature, "It's Your Call," which became a regular weekly feature. The paper also used the input to develop questions for a telephone poll of 400 people. Poll results were published in December and were discussed at community forums. A final survey of 130 people recognized as community leaders - elected officials, educators, union leaders and others - was conducted by mail in March 1998 and showed the officials struggling to arrive at a common vision for the region's future.
Still, the Daily World reported a number of developments showing the project had an impact. According to project editor Matt Hufman, community activists, fishermen and Native American tribes worked together to figure out how to split a dwindling salmon run and one local town changed its government from a three-person commission to a seven-member council in response to charges of aloofness and inaccessibility.
Contact:
Matt Hufman (formerly at the Daily World)
Metro Editor
Las Vegas Sun
PO Box 98970
Las Vegas, NV 89193-8970
TEL: (702) 385-3111
FAX: (702) 383-7264
EMAIL: matt@lasvegassun.com
Boom Town Faces its Future, Myrtle Beach, SC 1997
Partners:
The Sun News
Cox Broadcasting After the results of an informal Sun News survey showed serious community concern about rapid growth, the paper launched an 11-month project, "Living in a Boom Town." The paper had asked readers to respond to six open-ended questions about the Myrtle Beach area. Some 300 responses showed five main areas of concern: traffic, growth, elected officials, schools and culture. A five part series exploring each of these topics began April 27, 1997. Each package included a "primer," giving background on the issue, comments from readers and additional resources for more information. The paper also set up a phone line for more reader comments and started a discussion forum on growth issues on its Web site. It followed people's concerns through ongoing coverage of one neighborhood, Socastee, which was wrestling with all of the issues involved.
In November, the paper sponsored five focus groups, each with members who represented different segments of the community: newcomers, retirees, parents, young adults and Socastee residents. Despite the differences in the groups' make-up, the paper found broad agreement on growth issues. The focus groups guided a second series of stories, published in February and March of 1998. For instance, the focus groups showed strong support for impact fees on developers, and the paper wrote about how impact fees worked in other areas. The focus groups voiced disillusionment with elected officials, and the paper reported on what elected positions were open and how to file to run for public office.
The project culminated in a "Boom Town Civic Fair," March 28, 1998, which attracted about 400 people. The paper also began two weekly features: an informational graphic that showed the goals of a particular government body were and the status of work toward the goal and a column, "Speaking Up/Boom Town Forum," for reader comments.
Contacts:
Susan C. Deans (Former Editor, The Sun News)
Asst Managing Editor/Weekends
Denver Rocky Mountain News
400 West Colfax Avenue
Denver, CO 80204
TEL: (303) 892-2386
FAX: (303) 892-2841
EMAIL: deanss@denver-rmn.com
John X. Miller (Former Managing Editor, The Sun News)
Public Editor
Detroit Free Press
600 West Fort Street
Detroit, MI 48226-3138
TEL: (313) 222-6803
FAX: (313) 222-5981
EMAIL: miller@freepress.com
Facing our Future, Binghamton, NY 1996
Partners:
Press & Sun-Bulletin
WSKG Public TV and Radio
WBNG-TV (CBS)
SUNY-Binghamton
With the Binghamton economy severely depressed and public spirits virtually crushed by the loss of jobs and services, the partners in 1996 launched "Facing Our Future," a solutions-oriented journalism project with a built-in action component. Two years later, citizen action teams were still meeting and the economy was rebounding. Then-Press & Sun-Bulletin editor Marty Steffens gave the media partners at least partial credit for the turn-around. "We weren't just lucky," she said.
The partners' ran three, three-part series - in January, February and March 1996 - on the economic history of the region, the impact of the downturn and ideas for revitalization, including ideas offered by citizens through clip-and-send coupons in the newspaper and a television call-in show. Then, on April 18, they sponsored a town meeting attended by an overflow crowd, where more than 200 citizens signed up to take part in one of 10 action teams for addressing the economic crisis.
The citizens met over the summer with organizational help from a community coordinator hired with Pew Center support. In September, the media partners reported an extensive list of recommendations the teams had developed for improving the region's prospects. A 500-page final report, issued in October, contained more than 100 ideas.
Many of the ideas were implemented in 1997 as the project, renamed "Building Our Future," moved into the action phase. The region's Chamber of Commerce, initially resistant to the initiative, also offered to house it.
The Community Beautification and Morale Team planted a neighborhood garden and held a "National Night Out" event that won an award from the National Town Watch Association. The Consolidating Government Team worked to streamline the county 911 system. The Youth Team produced a television show for both TV partners and raised money for a teen recreation center. The local airport was improved and a local highway was taken over as an interstate.
The media partners covered developments but stepped back from active involvement in the project. The Pew Center for Civic Change provided funds for the community coordinator to continue to facilitate citizen action. A 1996 Pew Trusts study of civic journalism projects found that fully half of Binghamton area residents were aware of the project and three-quarters of those felt more positive toward the media partners as a result.
Contact:
Martha Steffens
Professor, School of Journalism
University of Missouri- Columbia
134-B Neff Annex
Columbia, MO 65211-1200
TEL: (573) 884-4839
FAX: (573) 884-1372
EMAIL: steffensm@missouri.edu
The Sun News Asks You, Myrtle Beach, SC 1996
Partners:
The Sun News
The partners proposed a project on race relations but found during the planning phase that racial division was just one of the problems facing the community as a result of extremely rapid growth. Broadening the focus of the project to "reconnecting," the paper decided to seek reader input in determining what issues the community cared about most.
In late summer of 1996, the paper distributed 3,000 neon yellow postcards, asking six open-ended questions, such as: What would you change about your community? What is going well in your community? What really makes you mad right now?
One of the things that people said made them mad were the town's tack beachwear stores.
Similar questionnaires were printed on clip-and-send coupons in the paper. More than 300 residents responded, zeroing in on five key areas of concern: traffic, growth and development, elected officials, schools and the culture of the area. The informal survey led the paper to launch its 1997 project, "Living in a Boom Town," which also received Pew support.
Contact:
Susan C. Deans (Former Sun News editor)
Asst Managing Editor/Weekends
Denver Rocky Mountain News
400 West Colfax Avenue
Denver, CO 80204
TEL: (303) 892-2386
FAX: (303) 892-2841
EMAIL: deanss@denver-rmn.com
John X. Miller (Former Sun News Managing Editor)
Public Editor
Detroit Free Press
600 West Fort Street
Detroit, MI 48226-3138
TEL: (313) 222-6803
EMAIL: miller@freepress.com
Shaping the Next Century, Dayton, OH 1995
Partners:
Dayton Daily News
WPTD public television
WYSO-FM
The Miami Valley Issues Forum
TheMontgomery County Historical Museum
Marking Dayton's 1996 bicentennial, the partners launched "Shaping the Next Century" to encourage public conversations about directing the city into the future. The Daily News ran a series of stories in late 1995 that looked at Dayton's history as well as challenges yet to be met. In January 1996, public television station WPTD and WYSO simulcast a 90-minute documentary and live panel discussion, inviting the public to phone-in questions and comments about where Dayton should be headed.
Though an exact count was not made, the stations received more calls than they could accommodate and panelists promised to return to answer questions. Also in January, the partners held a non-broadcast community issues forum on the city's future.
Contacts:
Sandee Harden
Director of Broadcasting
Greater Dayton Public Television
110 S. Jefferson St.
Dayton, OH 45402
Phone: (513) 220-1600Martha Steffens (Former project leader)
Professor, School of Journalism
University of Missouri- Columbia
134-B Neff Annex
Columbia, MO 65211-1200
TEL: (573) 884-4839
FAX: (573) 884-1372
EMAIL: steffensm@missouri.edu
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